USA

Despite the change of government in the U.S., the policy and actions taken with respect to Chinese technological containment remain intact, and international pressure continues to prevent Chinese companies from installing their digital transition technology.

The technology war and U.S. fears have had a marginal impact on the Asian giant's relations with Latin America. Some countries have bowed to Washington's pressure against the use of 5G, but most continue to negotiate its implementation.

The challenges that Latin America must overcome to put this technology into operation relate to the lack of infrastructure and the size of the investment.

The US launched a tariff war, from 2018, against the most dynamic export economy: China. The aim was not only to reduce the trade deficit with this economy, but also to weaken its economic growth dynamics and reduce its growing share in the export market. However, the result has not favoured the US and has been adverse to the multilateral international order.
After 23 months of war, 7 rounds of mutual tariff aggression, more than 15 thousand products taxed, 600 billion dollars in tariffs and two periods of truce the two economies entered into a first agreement.
With this Agreement and the new NAFTA the United States advances in the construction of a new international commercial order on the law of the strongest.

global currency, and much of the dominance in the microprocessor industry, through Intel, AMD and Qualcomm. China, on the other hand, has significant strategic advantages in telecommunications with the 5G network and the Huawei company.

The global semiconductor industry is concentrated in a few firms and a few countries. Although the manufacturing link in the semiconductor chain is in Asia, the licensing, intellectual property and production segments of the semiconductor value chain do not pass through China.

The Asian country has begun work towards chip manufacturing autonomy, which can be consolidated using reverse engineering. It is inevitable that the Asian country will develop an autonomous and competitive semiconductor industry and thus reduce its backwardness vis-à-vis the United States.

The commercial war waged by the U.S. against China is taking place in a scenario of technological backwardness in the areas of telecommunications, energy, electric cars, cell phones and computers against China.

The U.S. began to lose market share in the global high-tech market in the 21st century and concentrated on completing its global value chains to increase profitability. In 2018, China exported three times the value of these exports to the United States and more than ten times that of European countries.

The imperative need for the US to interfere with China's deployment is growing, and the protectionist trade route has not worked. Everything seems to indicate that the war is going to move to the exchange and financial field.