Oscar Ugarteche

A nivel mundial, la inflación cerró 2021 con su nivel más alto de los últimos veinte años (40 años en el caso de EEUU) y las proyecciones indican que durante 2022. Sin embargo, aunque sea más baja que la del año pasado, seguiremos viéndola alta en 2022. ¿Por qué es una de las principales preocupaciones de gobiernos, bancos centrales y consumidores?

A los gobiernos les preocupa que los bancos centrales aceleren la normalización de los tipos de interés ante las altas tasas de inflación. Esto frenaría la recuperación económica y la creación de empleo y, en algunos casos, provocaría el deterioro de los saldos fiscales de algunos países que adquirieron deuda para mitigar los efectos de la contracción o desaceleración económica.

Las estrategias que sigan los gobiernos y los bancos centrales para controlar la inflación determinarán las condiciones económicas de los años siguientes y la capacidad del mundo para recuperarse de la contracción económica de 2020.

The rebound of the world economy was the great feature of the year 2021. Anticipated as strong rebounds, they were less strong for some than for others. Governments that injected money into public investment improved their recovery more than those that did not.

2021 has been the one with the highest inflation in the world since the 1970s with Brazil, Turkey and the United States leading the way, but followed by everyone else. The consequence is that central banks around the world initiated interest rate hikes as a way to contain inflation, so the GDP growth rate in 2022 will be very low overall.

It was a good year of economic rebound, but at the cost of high global inflation that central banks will have to face in the years to come. The recovery was rapid due to increases in government deficits and debt, and even so, spending still does not contribute to economic growth.

Comentarios de Enrique Cornejo, a la conferencia del Dr. Óscar Ugarteche

De acuerdo con Ugarteche:

"se está produciendo, acelerado por la pandemia, un nuevo orden económico internacional"

The reasoning of modern monetary theory holds that countries with reserve currencies can maintain unlimited levels of fiscal deficits and public debt because they have financing available. The evidence, however, shows that massive deficits do not mean economic dynamism in the US.

After 2008, federal deficits have doubled from about 60% of GDP to about 120%. Emerging nations shift their resources to China through the US deficit instead of growing, since the world is one and the borders are all open, and trade is unrestricted.

US debt in nominal amounts is more than that of the rest of the world combined. So monetary inflation exists and hits first the most deficit countries, then the least, and finally the rest of the world as imported inflation.