Luis Colín

Automation is the total or partial elimination of human intervention in the execution of a job. The first forms took place in the previous industrial revolutions, automation 1.0, with the birth of industry (steam engines 1760) and much later automation 2.0, the assembly line (Fordism 1910). Today it is possible to speak of electronic automation 3.0 thanks to the technological development of economies, especially mature economies (Computers 1970). Innovations have brought benefits such as growth in the profitability and productivity of firms.

El nivel de empleo en Estados Unidos se ha recuperado. El Buro de Estadísticas Laborales (BLS) informó que en agosto del 2022 había más de 158 millones de personas empleadas frente los 157 millones del 2019 y a los 147 millones del 2020. Pero después del Covid-19 el empleo ha cambiado cualitativamente, ya que la pandemia y la recuperación han abierto nuevas modalidades que pueden definir el futuro de las relaciones laborales. En este texto se explicará la paradoja del incremento del empleo y como cambió de forma.

Mexico is a mixed economy: its GDP ranks among the 20 largest countries in the world, some industrial branches have a global presence, and its workforce is internationally competitive; however, its performance in recent decades has been negligible to the point that, after the fall of 2020, it was one of the Latin American countries with the slowest economic recovery. What is the reality facing the Mexican economy?

The year 2021 was one of recovery after the economic and health crisis. Most governments have followed spending policies since the mid-2020s to cushion the downturn and shore up the recovery. Although almost all countries followed Keynesian macroeconomic prescriptions, the intensity and effects in each country varied. How is the recovery going in Latin America, and what to expect for the region?

Recent statements by Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank (ECB), say that post-confinement inflation remains outside their influence. Its sources are the recovery of demand and border upheavals, she says. The ECB, like the Fed, combats the economic effects of the pandemic with large injections of liquidity into the markets and improvements in financial conditions. However, the latest monetary policy statement left aside price stabilisation, its only mandate. Does this mean that the ECB will sit back and watch inflation decimate purchasing power?