Oscar Ugarteche

El panorama alimenticio se complica para buena parte del mundo, en especial para países vulnerables, debido a dos factores particulares: la caída en los ingresos de la población que la pandemia y el confinamiento han producido en las economías del mundo.

El comercio de alimentos se ha complicado en cuanto a sus redes de distribución, lo que ha dado lugar a un aumento de los precios de los alimentos. Esta crisis ha puesto en perspectiva los costos y beneficios de la dependencia alimentaria del mercado libre.

La forma de producir y distribuir alimentos está en cuestión dado que la mayor parte de los países tienen capacidad de producir alimentos por sí mismos y no necesitan depender de largas cadenas de suministros para alimentar a su población.

Pressure to reactivate GVCs to reduce the economic impact of COVID-19 is increasing, but a second wave of contagion has been seen in countries trying to return to normal.

The dilemma in the very short term is: recover the economy at a cost in human lives or continue with the isolation and risk a greater economic fall.

This note reflects on the conditions in the labour sector in advanced and emerging economies in the face of the virus; the role of the State in the face of the pandemic; the economic incentive to reactivate the economy and global value chains; a panorama of what is expected from the world economy.

The international commitments of the United Nations Agenda 2030 have forced governments to rethink public mobility policy around the world. The change in public transport systems to electric units has put on the table the importance of China as an exporter of these units and the demand for global oil demand in the long term.
Of the total number of electric buses in the world, 95% are in China. From 2011, the change of energy matrix is a public goal, becoming the main producer and consumer of electric vehicles in the world. In Latin America, the use of electric buses is still incipient.
 This energy shift will be the new impetus for the growth of the global economy in the 21st century. It will also be an issue of confrontation between the United States and China; and of Latin America with the United States.

La crisis por COVID-19 ha golpeado la economía mundial, en su conjunto. En esta nota se revisan los efectos en la industria petrolera, la caída en el volumen de oferta y demanda mundial, los precios de cotización del crudo que se cotizan en mercados internacionales.

Después del desplome del precio del petróleo, una recuperación del sector energético dependerá de la mejora del precio y de la velocidad con la que se logre. Se anticipa que los precios continúen bajos, y que el sector sufra a pesar de la recuperación del mercado.

Ante este entorno negativo en la industria, se debe vislumbrar la posibilidad de una mayor inversión en energías alternativas y consecuentemente una profundización del cambio de matriz energética.

Since December 31, 2019 the world has gone from predictions of declining economic growth/recession to being faced with the first global economic contraction since the 1930s.

Never before in peacetime has a country closed its factories and not shipped its finished products. This time manufacturing and foreign trade were frozen in China. Nor had it ever been seen that all services in all countries, some more than others, closed simultaneously, except for the United States, Great Britain and Mexico which closed later or did not close at all.

The contemporary societal lesson will be to have new forms of human contact, new forms of life. Global value chains must be rethought and industrialization policies must be rethought. Public health as a public good must return.