La inyección masiva de dólares vía los programas de facilitación cuantitativa [Quantitative Easing] favoreció la depreciación del tipo de cambio dólar/euro en los últimos meses. Prevalece la especulación financiera con posiciones largas, compra de divisas a un precio determinado que esperan venderse en el futuro a un precio mayor, pasando de 1.240 a 1.333 dólares por euro de julio de 2012 a enero de 2013. Los países de América Latina tampoco son ajenos a ésta situación.

En los próximos meses la lucha contra el fortalecimiento cambiario y su impacto negativo en las exportaciones de la región continuará. La tasa de crecimiento del PIB de las economías emergentes seguirá su tendencia al alza en comparación con el estancado G7. Sin embargo, una vez que la Fed cierre el grifo de la liquidez y las tasas de interés suban en Estados Unidos o Europa, el mercado de materias primas caerá en picado junto con las monedas latinoamericanas. El ‘auge’ bien podría terminar en colapso.

There is an emergence of regional financial cooperation in South America as a result of the insufficiency shown by IFIs in crisis periods. In this paper we want to argue that regional financial cooperation serves to cover any or all of the external, fiscal and, savings and investment gaps, in a new regionalism context where the actors are no longer the States only but also the private sector. The requirement for monetary cooperation is financial stability which exists amongst certain subsets of countries but not amongst all. Equally, Latin America has turned into South America and as such is organised around UNASUR due to the political perception that Mexico and the Central American Community countries were shifting towards a US led dominance while the Mercosur countries centred around Brazil. This country launched local currency payment mechanisms and have not in been used widely due to the lack of monetary policy coordination.but equally they would require a a change in the IMF definition of what is a reserve currency. A regional payment system (SUCRE) was also launched and is not used widely for the same reason. Finally there are new research areas found after the Euro crisis that must be studied in order to ensure greater regional financial stability.