tariffs

Argentina, Brazil and Mexico's response to the US trade war

On 2 April 2025, President Trump announced his policy of reciprocal tariffs. The term “reciprocal” implies others have tariffs against US goods, which is mistaken and misleading. Its fiscal problem is home made. Non the less, he imposed a universal base tariff of 10%, including on products within free trade agreements (such as the one with Chile and Peru), and imposed higher rates on some countries, such as China. Although the US Government paused the entry into force of the latter for 90 days -some time in May- the region's main economies have reacted. This article will discuss the different measures taken by Brazil, Argentina and Mexico.

Autor:

Carlos Madrid

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PROTECTIONISM OR GREAT POWER COMPETITION?

The trade war between the US and China began in March 2018 and intensified with new semiconductor tariffs in 2024. The US has pressured Mexico to reduce its ties with China and strengthen them with North America, as it did with the signing of the T-MEC. The renegotiation of T-MEC in 2026 will introduce new conditions. The pressure turned to applying tariffs on 99 per cent of Chinese imports. This article will analyse Mexico's position in the trade war between the two great powers.

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A Currency Deal with China?

Estados Unidos siempre ha querido que China deje de comprar dólares para evitar que la moneda china, el renminbi (RMB), se fortalezca, como lo hizo masivamente China durante 2003–13, pero no lo ha hecho desde entonces.

La diferencia sería en la dirección de la manipulación, con China vendiendo dólares en lugar de simplemente no comprarlos. Pero el objetivo es el mismo: dañar la posición competitiva de China porque un RMB más fuerte aumenta los precios de las exportaciones chinas y baja los precios de sus importaciones.

Sin embargo, China no está ansiosa por ver que su superávit comercial, que ya ha disminuido a menos del 1 por ciento de su PIB, caiga aún más y está bastante contento con la modesta depreciación del RMB frente al dólar en el último año.

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