International financial architectures (IFAs) in the East and West are showing a trend towards a decline in the use of the dollar in cross-border transactions and an increase in the digitisation of payment systems, with Asia leading the way. In this context, the Quick Response Indonesian Standard (QRIS) was created in Indonesia in 2019, based on Quick Response codes, or QR codes. It allows transactions using standard QR codes without the need for global networks such as MasterCard and VISA.

The onshore and offshore gas and oil fields discovered in Egypt in the 1990s convinced Israeli businessman Gideon Tadmor to start drilling for gas or oil. His company, Avner Oil and Gas, later became part of the Delek Group, and they realised they needed expertise for such depths. The small Samedan Oil Corporation provided that expertise and joined the project. In 1999, they drilled their first well, and by 2000, it was producing. It took 10 years to find the Tamar field, about 90 km off the coast of Haifa, which began producing gas in March this year.